The most recent recommendations define a normal value as being less than 120/80 mm Hg (see below). However, it is not a magic number that should be used to determine what a specific person should aim towards. Instead, it's best to think about the blood pressure range that best suits your unique situation, with the overarching objective of aiming for the lowest acceptable top and bottom values.
Therefore, the crucial question is: what is acceptable? One size does not fit all. It depends on a variety of variables, including whether there are any other chronic illnesses present, such as kidney or heart disease. For instance, you don't want your diastolic pressure (the bottom number) to be lower than 50 to 55 mm Hg if you have coronary artery disease.
Poor sleep appears to be associated with a variety of health issues, including an increased risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. A recent study on people in their forties discovered that having a mix of sleep issues—such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night, or sleeping less than six hours a night—virtually triples a person's risk of heart disease.
"These new findings emphasise the significance of obtaining enough sleep," Many factors can contribute to a lack of sleep, he notes. Some folks simply do not give themselves enough time to sleep. Others have behaviours that interfere with or disrupt sleep. Some people also have health problems or sleep disorders that make it hard for them to sleep well or enough.
Who participated in the study?
The researchers gathered information from 7,483 participants in the Midlife in the United States Study who reported their sleep habits and history of heart disease. A subset of the 663 participants additionally wore a wrist-worn device that recorded their sleep activity (actigraphy). Women made up slightly more than half of those who took part. Three-quarters identified as white, while 16% identified as black. The average age was 53 years old.
Due to the fact that adults typically undergo different and challenging life events throughout this time in both their career and personal lives, researchers chose to concentrate on people in their midlife. Also, this is when clogged heart arteries, atherosclerosis (which can lead to heart disease), and sleep problems caused by getting older start to show up.
Read:
SLEEP MAY HELP YOU LOSE WEIGHT
How did researchers evaluate the sleep problems?
The effectiveness of sleep was measured by putting together different parts of sleep, such as
regularity (whether participants slept longer on work days versus nonwork days).
(whether they had issues falling asleep, woke up during the night or early morning and were unable to fall back asleep, or had daytime sleepiness)
alertness (how often they napped for more than five minutes)
efficiency (how long it took them to fall asleep at bedtime).
duration (how many hours they typically slept each night).
Participants were asked, "Have you ever experienced heart problems suspected or confirmed by a doctor?" used by researchers to gauge heart-related issues. and "Have you ever had a significant chest ache that lasted for at least 30 minutes?"
Follow-up inquiries about the diagnosis were prompted by a "yes" response to either query. These questions were about things like angina, which is a pain in the chest caused by not enough blood getting to the heart muscle, heart attacks, heart valve problems, irregular or fast heartbeat, and heart failure.
When heartburn is a frequent bed partner, it's difficult to sleep. How can you get rid of it? A small study suggests that sleeping on your left side may help, in addition to elevating your upper body with a wedge pillow, avoiding meals close to bedtime, and taking heartburn medications. The findings were published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology in February 2022. A total of 57 people with chronic heartburn were monitored while sleeping, with the same amount of time spent on their left, right, or back. The positions had no effect on the number of times participants' stomach acid back up into their esophagus (which causes heartburn pain). However, when participants were on their left side, as opposed to their back or right side, the acid cleared much faster. Less acid exposure can reduce heartburn pain as well as the risk of tissue damage and other serious problems.
Heart disease and heart attacks have been related to depression, anxiety, wrath, and other so-called negative emotions. What about the other side of the coin: are happy emotions associated with better heart health? Yes, according to two reports that approached the issue from different angles.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center polled 2,618 men and women who were scheduled for coronary angiography (a specific x-ray that reveals blood flow through the arteries that feed the heart) about their expectations for their future cardiovascular health. They discovered that people with the highest expectations were 24% less likely to die of heart disease fifteen years later than those with the lowest expectations (Archives of Internal Medicine, online Feb. 28, 2011).
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center polled 2,618 men and women who were scheduled for coronary angiography (a specific x-ray that reveals blood flow through the arteries that feed the heart) about their expectations for their future cardiovascular health. They discovered that people with the highest expectations were 24% less likely to die of heart disease fifteen years later than those with the lowest expectations (Archives of Internal Medicine, online Feb. 28, 2011).
The ability to manage stress reduces the risk of developing anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular disease.
The more we learn about women's hearts, the clearer it becomes that they differ from men's. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken-heart syndrome, is nine times more prevalent in women than in men. This is one of the most striking differences. It has been cited as proof that sudden emotional stress can cause death in some women.
However, unlike a heart attack, takotsubo cardiomyopathy does not involve clogged arteries. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is caused by an influx of stress hormones that literally distort the heart. As a result, when the main pumping chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) contracts, it swells, preventing it from effectively expelling blood into the arteries.
In September 2015, The New England Journal of Medicine published the results of a study conducted by an international team of physicians from the United States and Europe on 1,750 patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Similar to previous reports, ninety percent of these cases occurred in postmenopausal women in this study. The most common causes of takotsubo cardiomyopathy were lung problems and infections. The second most common trigger was emotional shock caused by grief, panic, or interpersonal conflict. Patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy were nearly twice as likely as patients with other heart conditions to have a neurological or psychiatric disorder.
According to Dr. Thomas H. Lee, a cardiologist at the Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital, Takutsubo cardiomyopathy is an extreme example illustrating a general truth. "There is no doubt a strong connection between the head and the heart," he asserts. Stress and the negative emotions it elicits, such as anxiety, anger, and sadness, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease for decades.
How our feelings impact our hearts
Protect yourself from the harmful effects of persistent inflammation.
Chronic, low-grade inflammation can become a silent killer that contributes to cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions, according to scientific evidence. Experts from Harvard Medical School provide simple advice for combating inflammation and remaining healthy.
There is a growing body of research on the relationship between stress and heart health. A small amount of stress can be beneficial, as it stimulates the release of hormones that help you face adversity. These hormones increase your heart rate, muscle tone, and the brain's oxygen consumption. However, prolonged exposure to stress can contribute to a variety of conditions, including high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, anxiety, and depression.
Furthermore, stress-related health issues are frequently interrelated. Not only are anxiousness and depression risk factors for heart disease, but a heart disease diagnosis can also exacerbate emotional issues. To alleviate stress, people with anxiety or depression may engage in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking or overeating, which may also increase their cardiovascular risk.
Relieving stress
Replacing negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, and anger with positive emotions such as happiness and contentment may be a key to better mental and cardiovascular health, but no single therapy has been demonstrated to achieve this. "We have so much to learn about how to utilize the positive effects of emotions while minimizing the negative ones," says Dr. Lee. In the interim, the following are likely to be of assistance.
The practise of mindfulness meditation.
The practise consists of sitting comfortably, focusing on your breathing, and remaining in the present moment without dwelling on the past or the future. A meta-analysis of thousands of studies published in October 2016 in JAMA Internal Medicine suggests that mindfulness meditation can alleviate psychological stresses such as anxiety, depression, and pain.
Exercise.
There are mountains of evidence that regular physical activity reduces the risk of heart disease, anxiety, and depression. If you're not physically active, you may want to begin with a 10-minute daily walk and work your way up to the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
Social support. In times of stress and crisis, friends and family can provide emotional support that helps to sustain the individual. There is also growing evidence linking a supportive social network to a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Pexel image
Recognizing and treating heart failure as soon as possible may help to slow the progression of this serious condition.
If you start feeling tired or winded more than usual, it's easy to blame it on getting older, being out of shape, or being overweight. However, if these symptoms persist, don't dismiss them, especially if you're also experiencing ankle swelling and difficulty breathing when lying down.
These are all classic symptoms of early heart failure, which occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump blood throughout the body (see "The FACES of heart failure"). Recent advances in both detection and treatment may help to alleviate the burden of heart failure, which is the leading cause of hospitalization in people 65 and older.
Eating a nutritious diet is important for treating and preventing heart disease. That is simple to comprehend, but sometimes difficult to implement. There is no such thing as a diet regimen that fits all, but there are 9 diet types. The American Heart Association changed its dietary advice for the first time in 15 years with this in mind. Rather than specifying dos and don'ts for individual nutrients (such as protein or fat), the new circulation guidelines (published online on Nov. 2, 2021) emphasize healthy eating patterns. As long as the following guidelines are followed, you can design a heart-healthy diet around your preferences and circumstances.
1. Keep a healthy balance of calorie consumption and physical activity.
Weight gain is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and eating more calories than you expend results in weight gain. Consult a dietitian to determine the number of calories you should consume based on your level of activity. It may just take a few minor adjustments to your diet to ensure that the calories you eat equal the calories you burn during activity. Perhaps you need to cut back on fast food in order to make room for healthy foods. Or perhaps your portions are overly large. For instance, a salad may contain a cup of beans when a quarter-cup would serve.
Reduced carbohydrate intake may improve several cardiovascular risk factors, but additional research is needed.
When many people envision a low-carbohydrate diet, they envision dishes heaped with red meat, bacon, and butter. Low-carbohydrate diets, which are frequently high in saturated fat, have long been considered bad for the heart. However, a study published online on Sept. 28, 2021, in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, discovered that a small amount of saturated fat may be OK if the rest of the diet is healthy.
The researchers discovered that following a well-designed low-carbohydrate diet plan appeared to minimize several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This is despite the fact that saturated fat made up 21% of daily calories, which is more than double the amount of fat you should eat each day.
However, this does not mean you should remove all of the bread from your meal. It is premature to declare that a low-carbohydrate diet is actually heart-healthy. One cause for concern is that the researchers picked an unusually low-carbohydrate diet. "This was not a bacon and steak diet. This included nuts and lentils, vegetarian sloppy joes, salmon, and a variety of vegetables.
Reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke by aggressively decreasing your high systolic blood pressure (the top number). However, what significance does the diastolic (bottom) number have?
When it comes to blood pressure management, doctors typically focus on lowering the top (systolic) reading, and with good reason.
It has been proven that aggressively managing high systolic blood pressure will significantly reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke. However, what about the bottom number (diastolic)? It also plays a very important role in heart health, but one that is often overlooked.
A Tale of Two Digits
The two blood pressure readings indicate the heart's activity and rest. Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries caused by the contraction of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. The higher the number, the more difficult it is for the heart to pump blood.
Diastolic pressure refers to the pressure that exists between heartbeats. This pressure is necessary for coronary arteries to provide oxygen to the heart muscle. Normal blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure of fewer than 120 millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) and a diastolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg. A systolic value of 120 to 129 combined with a diastolic value of less than 80 is considered "elevated."
When it comes to diagnosing hypertension (high blood pressure), either number can be indicated if it is continually raised. For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 130 to 139 or your diastolic blood pressure is 80 to 89 — or both — you are said to have Stage 1 hypertension. Stage 2 hypertension is characterised by a systolic blood pressure of 140 or greater (or both) or diastolic blood pressure of 90 or greater. It's critical to monitor both numbers because, in several cases, if the systolic is elevated, the diastolic is elevated as well.
Are you having difficulty sleeping? Your heart may suffer as a result.
Poor sleep is now being linked to several health issues, including a higher risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and heart disease, according to increasing data. A new study of people in their midlife indicates that a combination of sleep issues, such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night, or sleeping less than six hours each night, can virtually triple a person's risk of heart disease.
"These new findings emphasize the importance of obtaining enough sleep," says Harvard Medical School assistant professor of medicine and sleep specialist Dr Lawrence Epstein. He goes on to say that a lack of sleep can be caused by a variety of factors. Some people just do not schedule enough sleep time. Others have sleep-disrupting or interfering behaviours. Some persons also have a medical ailment or a sleep problem that causes them to lose sleep quality or quantity.
Who was in the study group?
The researchers used information from 7,483 persons who participated in the Midlife in the United States Study and provided information on their sleep habits and history of heart disease. A small group of participants (663 persons) also wore a wrist-worn gadget that tracked their sleep patterns (actigraphy). Women made up slightly more than half of the participants. Three-quarters said they were white, while 16% said they were black. The average age was 53 years old.
The researchers selected to study people in their midlife years since this is when adults typically encounter diverse and difficult life experiences in their work and family life. It's also when clogged heart arteries or atherosclerosis (an early indicator of heart disease) first appear, as well as age-related sleep problems.
What criteria did researchers use to evaluate sleep problems?
A composite of many characteristics of sleep was used to assess sleep health, including
regularity (whether participants slept longer on workdays versus non-work days)
satisfaction (whether they had difficulty getting asleep, woke up in the middle of the night or early the next morning and couldn't get back to sleep, or felt drowsy during the day)
alertness (how often they napped for more than five minutes)
efficiency (how long it took them to fall asleep at bedtime)
length of time (how many hours they typically slept each night).
To examine heart problems, researchers asked participants "Have you ever been suspected or verified by a doctor of having heart trouble?" and "Have you ever had intense discomfort across the front of your chest that lasted for at least a half-hour?"
Is this the onset of a heart attack?
The new guidelines describe the sensations that patients may experience during a heart attack, as well as other probable causes of chest pain.
Never hesitate to contact 911 if you fear you are suffering a heart attack. When confronted with a potentially fatal situation, the saying "better safe than sorry" is always appropriate. However, there is an issue with the two terms we frequently employ to describe heart attack symptoms - chest pain.
Now, the first-ever guidelines for evaluating and diagnosing chest pain seek to clarify the situation by cataloguing the range of suspected heart attack symptoms. "Rather than using the term "pain," individuals frequently use the terms "pressure," "tightness," "squeezing," or "heaviness." Additionally, symptoms may manifest in the shoulders, arms, neck, back, upper abdomen, or jaw. The report, which was released late last year, also includes a road map to assist physicians in assessing chest discomfort through the selective use of the latest available diagnostics.
Question and response
Q. Is there a distinction between sunstroke and heatstroke, and are there any specific indications or symptoms I should watch for?
A. These are two different words for the same illness. Heatstroke (or sunstroke) occurs when the body can no longer keep its temperature below 105° F when exposed to extreme heat. Although people almost always have warning symptoms prior to heatstroke, they frequently ignore them or are unable to act.
Q. Is there a distinction between sunstroke and heatstroke, and are there any specific indications or symptoms I should watch for?
A. These are two different words for the same illness. Heatstroke (or sunstroke) occurs when the body can no longer keep its temperature below 105° F when exposed to extreme heat. Although people almost always have warning symptoms prior to heatstroke, they frequently ignore them or are unable to act.
Everyone is aware that they should eat more healthily. So, why are they having such a hard time doing it?
Most people can recite the recipe for healthy eating: more fruits and vegetables, less red meat and processed meals. It appears to be quite straightforward. Nonetheless, Americans continue to struggle to maintain a healthy diet.
The top cause of mortality continues to be heart disease, while obesity rates have increased from 30.5 percent in 2000 to 42.4 percent in 2018. Adopting a healthy diet can help with both of these issues. Only about 22% of Americans follow the American Heart Association's dietary guidelines.
Therefore, if we understand how to eat healthfully, why isn't everyone doing it? Part of the problem stems from people's erroneous assumptions. Many people continue to believe that healthy food is excessively restricted – low fat, low calorie, low sugar. Then there's the impression that healthy foods are too expensive and complicated to prepare.
The underlying message is that good eating requires too much effort and that nutritious food is unappealing, "explains Teresa Fung, an adjunct professor of nutrition at Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Ask the doctor
Q. I’ve been taking blood pressure pills for 20 years, but I just turned 75. Do I still benefit from taking them?
A. There is no doubt about the benefit of treating high blood pressure in people younger than 75. But some doctors have wondered if, in people older than 75, the benefits might be less and the chance of bad reactions to medicines might be greater. So, you’re asking a question that we doctors have asked ourselves.
A study published online on Aug. 26, 2021, by The Lancet is the best one I’ve seen on this question. It indicates that the value of blood pressure treatment continues in people over 75 years old. Scientists pooled the results of 51 randomized clinical trials involving 358,707 people, who ranged in age from 21 to 105 years old. Nearly 59,000 people were ages 75 or older. With so many people in the analysis, the results are more likely to be valid.
Randomized trials are the best type of study for judging the benefits and the risks of treatment. Such trials randomly assign some people to take a real blood pressure pill and others to take a placebo (inactive pill). Since the people in the two groups are very similar except for the kind of pill they are taking, any differences in their subsequent health are likely to be explained by whether they took the real medicine or the placebo. So, because of the large number of people in the analysis, and the fact they were all in randomized trials, we can trust the results of the analysis.
Angina is heart-related chest pain caused by an insufficient delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle. Angina is a symptom of a variety of disorders rather than a disease. Is your angina caused by high cholesterol?
It's a difficult question to answer. The answer appears to be no on the surface. High cholesterol is usually accompanied by no symptoms. When we dig a little deeper, we discover that having high cholesterol increases your likelihood of acquiring a condition that includes angina as a symptom. As a result, even though there is no direct link between high cholesterol and angina, it does contribute to it indirectly.
Cholesterol is a necessary component created by your liver and used as a building block throughout your body; however, it is not soluble in water and hence cannot flow through your bloodstream on its own. Depending on which way it's heading, it does, however, hitch a ride on one of two lipoproteins.
LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, transports cholesterol to where it's needed in your body, whereas HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, transports cholesterol back to your liver for elimination. This is a natural process that happens to everyone at some point in their lives. When the ratio of LDL to HDL tips in favor of the low-density lipoproteins, your cholesterol is deemed high. A bad diet, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, diabetes, or heredity can all contribute to this.
When you consume a high-fat diet, your LDL — or "bad" cholesterol — levels might rise beyond what your HDL can remove, and something has to happen with that excess LDL. The development of fatty deposits in your bloodstream is that item. These deposits build up on the inside of your blood vessels' walls. These deposits build up over time, obstructing the flow of blood via your arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen throughout your body.
Atherosclerosis is the name for these blockages, which leads to coronary heart disease. The many forms of angina discomfort are caused by a restricted flow of oxygen to your heart. High cholesterol is one of the most common causes of coronary heart disease, but it isn't the only one. Other risk factors include high blood pressure and age.
It's a difficult question to answer. The answer appears to be no on the surface. High cholesterol is usually accompanied by no symptoms. When we dig a little deeper, we discover that having high cholesterol increases your likelihood of acquiring a condition that includes angina as a symptom. As a result, even though there is no direct link between high cholesterol and angina, it does contribute to it indirectly.
Understanding Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a necessary component created by your liver and used as a building block throughout your body; however, it is not soluble in water and hence cannot flow through your bloodstream on its own. Depending on which way it's heading, it does, however, hitch a ride on one of two lipoproteins.
LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, transports cholesterol to where it's needed in your body, whereas HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, transports cholesterol back to your liver for elimination. This is a natural process that happens to everyone at some point in their lives. When the ratio of LDL to HDL tips in favor of the low-density lipoproteins, your cholesterol is deemed high. A bad diet, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, diabetes, or heredity can all contribute to this.
What happens when LDL levels are high
When you consume a high-fat diet, your LDL — or "bad" cholesterol — levels might rise beyond what your HDL can remove, and something has to happen with that excess LDL. The development of fatty deposits in your bloodstream is that item. These deposits build up on the inside of your blood vessels' walls. These deposits build up over time, obstructing the flow of blood via your arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen throughout your body.
Atherosclerosis is the name for these blockages, which leads to coronary heart disease. The many forms of angina discomfort are caused by a restricted flow of oxygen to your heart. High cholesterol is one of the most common causes of coronary heart disease, but it isn't the only one. Other risk factors include high blood pressure and age.
Changes in the seasons and blood pressure
Q. My blood pressure is usually within the normal range, except in the winter. Do Seasons have an effect on blood pressure?
A. Seasons does have an effect on blood pressure. During the winter, some patients with borderline hypertension experience elevated blood pressure readings. And their blood pressure can rise to dangerous levels, necessitating medication to maintain control. They may be able to lessen the dosage in the spring or discontinue the medicine entirely in the summer.
The predominant idea for increased blood pressure in colder temperatures is that it is caused by artery tension. When our bodies become chilly, blood vessels constrict to retain heat. This can result in an increase in blood pressure in certain individuals. However, additional things may contribute to your elevated winter blood pressure. For instance:
Plastics and personal care products contain a chemical that has been related to heart disease.
We are following this research.
A recent study reveals that exposure to chemicals called phthalates, which are found in many common plastics, may be associated with an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.
Phthalates, often known as plasticizers, are used to make vinyl polymers soft and flexible. They are extensively utilized in industrial food processing, medical devices, and vinyl construction materials, as well as personal care products such as shampoos and lotions.
The study enrolled 5,303 persons (median age 57) who participated in a nationwide health survey and gave urine samples for phthalate exposure assessment. The researchers then tracked the participants' causes of death over the next decade. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, they discovered that exposure to phthalates was related to a slightly increased chance of dying from any cause, but particularly cardiovascular disease.
Types of aortic valve problems
Aortic stenosis occurs when the valve narrows and cannot fully open, hence restricting blood flow forward. Aortic regurgitation occurs when the valve fails not to close completely, allowing blood to leak back into the left ventricle. Both conditions can occur alone or together. The underlying reason may be present from birth (congenital) or acquired later in life.
Is it possible to have a silent stroke?
I've heard about silent heart attacks, but is it possible to suffer a stroke and be unaware of it as well?
Indeed, this is possible. According to a joint statement made by the American Stroke Association and the American Heart Association, up to a quarter of octogenarians may have had one or more strokes without experiencing symptoms. These episodes are frequently noticed only after a person has brain imaging for another reason.
Identifying and addressing underlying issues, as well as making lifestyle adjustments, will aid in recovery.
Many people develop hypertension as they age, and it can be difficult to regulate. This is referred to as resistant hypertension – blood pressure that remains above a predetermined target, such as 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), despite the use of three distinct classes of blood pressure medications (including a diuretic) at the maximum tolerated doses. The disorder is a significant risk factor for stroke, heart disease, and dementia, among other complications. How can you bring it under control?
All drugs should be reviewed.
Bring a list of all the prescriptions you are currently taking to your doctor or a bag with all the medication bottles. Include OTC medications, vitamins, and supplements. The list, or bag, of medications, might assist your doctor in determining which medications or supplements may be increasing your blood pressure.
For instance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) might cause an increase in blood pressure. Decongestants (such as phenylephrine, which is present in a variety of cold medications), some antidepressants, and corticosteroids can also help. For instance, "alternative drugs or physical therapy can help minimize or eliminate the need for NSAIDs in some patients," according to Harvard cardiologist Dr. Deepak L. Bhatt, editor-in-chief of the Harvard Heart Letter.
Alternatively, the doctor may determine that your medications can be simplified: fewer pills overall or fewer pills that must be taken more than once a day.
Treat the underlying causes
Additionally, underlying disorders can contribute to persistently high blood pressure (see "What causes resistant hypertension?"). It is critical to bring them under control. However, determining whether or not you have one may necessitate some detective work as well as a comprehensive medical examination.
For instance, you may be unaware that you have a condition that increases blood pressure, such as sleep apnea – breathing pauses during sleep. Sleep apnea symptoms include chronic loud snoring, a momentary cessation of breathing (and possibly gasping for air), and excessive sleepiness during the day. A sleep study conducted in a laboratory or at home (with a portable device) can give information.
What factors contribute to resistant hypertension?
Resistant hypertension (high blood pressure that does not decrease despite various drug treatments) can have a variety of causes. The most common reasons include consuming too much salt, which can reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure drugs; and missing doses or modifying them on your own. Additional reasons include the following:
gaining weight
obstructive sleep apnea
excessive alcoholic consumption
chronic pain
atherosclerosis is a condition in which arterial walls become inflamed.
interactions between medications
Panic attacks
elevated aldosterone levels (which causes the body to hold on to sodium and water)
kidney issues
consuming licorice noir (which contains a compound that can increase blood pressure).
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)