Hey guys, you know what's really cool? Small pets! They can be so adorable and bring so much joy. But here's the thing: some of them can actually carry bacteria that can be harmful to us. So, it's important to be aware of that and take the necessary precautions when handling them. Safety first, right? Turtles, iguanas, frogs, and other small pets can actually carry germs that have caused outbreaks of illness in multiple states. It's pretty crazy, right? Just thought I'd share this interesting fact with you all!
You know, when it comes to picking pets for kids, a lot of people go for small animals like turtles, iguanas, and frogs. They're pretty popular because they're super easy to interact with and don't require a tonne of attention, which is great for families with a lot going on. They may be enjoyable, but it might be best to stay away from them.
So, here's the deal. The reason behind all of this is... drumroll, please. Did you know that reptiles and amphibians can actually carry germs that can make us humans sick? It's true! According to Dr. Elizabeth Hohmann, who's an expert in infectious diseases from Massachusetts General Hospital, one of the most common germs they carry is the Salmonella bacteria. It's important to be cautious when handling these reptiles and amphibians in order to stay healthy! Did you know that these animals actually prefer to live in warm and wet environments? It's crazy, right? And guess what? Salmonella, that pesky bacteria, just loves those kinds of places too! It's like a match made in heaven for them.
Have you heard about all the recent outbreaks of illness happening across the US? It's been pretty crazy!
Reptiles and amphibians sometimes have Salmonella. It's pretty interesting because, even though it doesn't make them sick, they can still carry the bacteria around. The CDC's warning on adopting those cute little pet turtles. Apparently, there have been some serious outbreaks of Salmonella illnesses and hospitalisations in 24 states. It's gotten pretty bad this year, so they're advising people to be cautious. Oh, by the way, did you know that other small pets like mice or hamsters, and even farm animals like chickens, can also carry and spread the bacteria? It's pretty interesting, right?
Salmonella can actually be spread to people in a bunch of different ways. It can happen when we come into contact with animals, their poop, food, or even things like toys and food dishes. Even the habitats where these animals live, like cages, tanks, aquariums, and water, can be sources of Salmonella exposure.
Dr. Hohmann says that they get the bacteria on their hands and then accidentally touch their mouths or noses. You know, this is something that tends to happen more often with younger kids.
People who are exposed to the bacteria can develop salmonellosis.
Who has a higher chance of falling ill?
Salmonellosis can affect anyone, but individuals 65 years of age and older, children under the age of five, and those with long-term medical conditions are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including hospitalisation.
Young kids sometimes struggle with personal hygiene and understanding safety rules when it comes to handling animals. As we get older or if we have chronic conditions like diabetes, our immune systems can become weaker. This means that we're more likely to get sick and catch illnesses. It's important to take extra care of ourselves and stay healthy! In really severe cases, those pesky bacteria can actually make their way into our bloodstream. And once they're in there, they can spread to other parts of our body and cause infections.
What signs and symptoms does this infection have?
The main symptoms of this thing are diarrhoea, fever, and abdominal cramps. If you happen to get infected, you might start experiencing these symptoms within six hours to four days. They usually stick around for about four to seven days before finally going away.
If you have a pet that might have Salmonella, it's a good idea to reach out to your paediatrician or primary care team for some advice. They'll be able to give you the best guidance on what to do.
There are definitely some situations where seeking immediate medical care is super important. For example, if you're experiencing severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or sudden numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg, it's definitely time to head
If you or your child start experiencing any of these really serious symptoms, it's super important to get medical help right away.
diarrhoea and a temperature greater than 102°F; bloody diarrhoea that is so severe that you are unable to keep liquids down; Symptoms of dehydration include little to no urination, dry mouth and throat, or lightheadedness when standing up.
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Sometimes people perceive hospice and palliative care as giving up, but these vital services actually offer life-affirming benefits during challenging times. Let's take a look at how former president Jimmy Carter's decision to opt for hospice care at his Georgia ranch exemplifies a shift in understanding. Rather than enduring more hospital stays and aggressive treatments, Carter prioritized comfort and embraced meaningful moments with his wife of 77 years and indulging in his favorite treat, peanut butter ice cream.
Choosing hospice doesn't mean abandoning medical care but rather focusing on finding comfort in the care you receive. It's about having the freedom to be at home with loved ones, enjoying favorite shows, meals, and the company of pets, instead of being confined to a hospital. It's an opportunity to paint a picture of what you want the end of life to look like and making decisions that align with your values.
To better understand your options, it's important to differentiate between palliative care and hospice. Palliative care aims to provide symptom relief and support for individuals who are seriously ill at any stage, not just at the end of life. It can be combined with curative treatments and offers an extra layer of assistance for patients, families, and the healthcare team. Hospice, on the other hand, focuses on making the dying process more comfortable for individuals with serious illnesses, often those with a prognosis of six months or less to live.
Hospice care can be provided at home or in a hospital-based unit, dedicated facility, or nursing home, depending on the level of support needed. The hospice team ensures patients have necessary equipment, medications, and round-the-clock assistance when required. They adopt a holistic approach, addressing physical, spiritual, emotional, and social pain to support patients as whole individuals.
Research has shown that palliative care can extend life and improve overall well-being. By incorporating palliative care alongside cancer treatment, patients have experienced longer survival times, improved symptom management, and a higher quality of life. However, aggressive medical care near the end of life remains common, often due to a combination of hope for a miracle, fear, and uncertainty. Engaging in discussions about living well and understanding personal values can help individuals make informed decisions that prioritize comfort and quality of life.
One of the greatest benefits of hospice care is the ability to focus on personal priorities. The hospice team works with patients to understand their desires and supports them in achieving their goals, whether it's attending important family milestones or simply enjoying everyday activities. Creating meaningful memories and engaging in conversations that wrap up one's life journey can be profoundly healing.
If you or a loved one has received a prognosis of six months or less to live, considering hospice care is advisable. It's essential to have open conversations with the care team, inquire about enrollment procedures, seek recommendations from others who have experienced hospice care, and reach out to a hospice agency for more information. Assessing your home's layout and equipment needs is also crucial. Remember, embracing hospice care is not a failure but the beginning of a new chapter in life, and there are experienced professionals available to support you through this process.
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Ever wondered if those post-party hangovers do anything to our brains? Well, some scientists were curious too and dug into over 1,100 studies to find out. They shared their findings in a journal called Addiction on August 25, so let's break it down.
First off, they defined a hangover as the mental and physical aftermath you feel the day after a night of heavy drinking, once your blood alcohol level is close to zero. Basically, when the party's over, and you're no longer tipsy. After checking out 11 studies, the scientists concluded that during a hangover, your ability to focus takes a hit. Your short-term and long-term memory get a bit foggy too, especially when it comes to remembering stuff that happened during the hangover. They also found that something called "psychomotor speed" gets slowed down – that's how quickly your brain tells your body to move. So, doing things like driving might not be as sharp during a hangover.
Now, here's the big question: Can having hangovers from regular heavy drinking actually mess with your brain permanently? I tried to find studies on this, but no luck. Still, I'd say it's a good idea to be cautious during the holidays and not overdo it. Let's keep our brains in tip-top shape!
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Toddler formulas are costly, unnecessary, and potentially unhealthy.
Once babies reach the age of one, they no longer need infant formula as their nutritional needs can be met through solid foods. Cow's milk or fortified plant milk like soy milk can be perfectly suitable for them without the need for excessive consumption.
In a recent report by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2023, it was found that toddler milks do not provide any additional benefits for healthy growth and development. It's understandable that some parents may feel hesitant to transition from formula to cow's milk, believing that formula is more nutritious or easier to digest. However, the marketing strategies used by formula companies frequently influence these beliefs.
Toddler formulas marketed as "follow-up formulas," "transition formulas," or "growing-up milks" are not medically necessary and are mainly designed to retain customers past the age of one. As the AAP emphasizes, some toddler formulas can actually be worse than cow's milk. Parents should be aware of the actual needs of older infants and toddlers and not let marketing claims influence them.
It's worth noting that specialized formulas for children over 12 months with specific medical conditions are not the focus of this discussion.
Toddler formulas are not subject to FDA regulation, unlike infant formulas. Infant formulas have strict nutritional requirements and are subject to regular inspections. On the other hand, toddler formulas are not required to prove their claims about nutritional benefits, leading to wide variation in their composition.
This lack of regulation is concerning because some toddler formulas can be unhealthy, with inadequate or excessive protein content and added sweeteners. These sweeteners can contribute to the development of a child's preference for sugary foods and potentially increase the risk of obesity. Moreover, toddler formulas are often more expensive than cow's milk, creating an unnecessary financial burden for families.
Instead of relying on toddler formulas, it is recommended to focus on the healthy diet groups for toddlers. Encourage a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein sources (such as meat, fish, beans, and nut butters), and dairy or dairy substitutes fortified with calcium and vitamin D. It is also important to limit added sugars and, after the age of two, reduce the consumption of unhealthy fats. By establishing healthy eating habits early on, we can set children on the path to a lifetime of good nutrition.
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Navigating life's challenging moments can be incredibly tough, and in the United States, there's a concerning rise in "deaths from despair" – instances of suicide, drug overdose, or alcohol poisoning. When people face these extreme difficulties and are at risk, the usual approaches involve antidepressants and psychotherapy. However, a recent study from Harvard suggests that there's another avenue worth exploring: attending religious services.
Published online on May 6, 2020, by JAMA Psychiatry, the study delved into the self-reported religious service attendance of 110,000 white, middle-aged men and women over about 30 years. Surprisingly, the findings showed that those who attended religious services at least once a week had significantly lower risks of death from despair – a staggering 68% lower for women and 37% lower for men, compared to those who never attended.
Researchers propose that religious participation, irrespective of affiliation, might act as a powerful countermeasure to despair, offering a sustained sense of hope, meaning, peace, and a positive outlook. Beyond that, faith-based communities promote social engagement and connectedness, advocating against self-injury and substance use.
It's important to note that this study is observational and doesn't conclusively prove that regular religious service attendance directly prevents death from despair. Yet, other Harvard research suggests that relying on religion as a coping mechanism correlates with improved outcomes for individuals dealing with severe psychiatric illness.
Considering the challenges posed by the ongoing pandemic, attending your usual place of worship might be difficult. However, you could explore attending services via teleconference. If you opt for in-person services, remember to wear a mask and maintain a safe distance of six feet from others.
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E-cigarettes have become a popular topic in the smoking landscape, with debates on their safety and efficacy, especially in comparison to traditional cigarettes. While the prevalence of smoking has decreased significantly in recent decades, cigarette-related issues still contribute to a substantial number of deaths in the United States.
These electronic devices, powered by batteries, produce vapor by heating a liquid that users inhale and exhale—a process commonly known as "vaping." Initially marketed towards the younger demographic, recent advertising campaigns highlight middle-aged, long-time smokers who have transitioned to vaping. The critical question remains: Is vaping a safer alternative, particularly from a cardiovascular standpoint, and can it aid in quitting conventional cigarettes?
Currently, experts offer a tentative "maybe" to both questions. While some acknowledge potential benefits, concerns linger, especially regarding the rising trend of teenage vaping. A CDC survey revealed a significant 78% increase in high school students reporting monthly vaping, reaching 20% in the past year. This troubling statistic underscores worries about a predatory industry enticing young individuals with highly addictive products, as pointed out by Dr. Vaughan Rees, director of the Center for Global Tobacco Control at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
The talk of the town revolves around the latest wave of anti-obesity drugs, which are gaining popularity not just for their remarkable weight-loss outcomes but also for unexpected additional benefits. One standout medication, Semaglutide, originally introduced as Ozempic for diabetes and later as Wegovy for obesity, is causing a stir due to its potential to lead to a significant 15% to 20% reduction in body weight.
However, beyond mere weight loss, these medications, including others in the same category that mimic the natural hormone GLP-1, seem to possess an intriguing capability: curbing cravings for more than just food. People using GLP-1 drugs have reported decreased inclinations toward addictive and compulsive behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, excessive shopping, gambling, and even nail-biting.
Dr. Caroline Apovian, co-director of the Center for Weight Management and Wellness at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital, has heard similar anecdotes from her patients, particularly regarding reduced cravings for alcohol and sweets. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is not entirely clear, but it appears that GLP-1 drugs, in addition to suppressing appetite, may influence the brain's reward pathways, typically activated by substances like food, alcohol, and nicotine, as well as pleasurable activities such as gambling or shopping.
The potential advantages of GLP-1 medications go beyond weight loss, with Wegovy showing promise in lowering the risk of serious heart issues by 20%, according to a report from the drug's manufacturer in August 2023. This groundbreaking trial involving 18,000 people could mark the first instance of GLP-1 drugs providing cardiovascular benefits to overweight individuals without diabetes.
Research is delving into the drugs' impact on alcohol abuse and smoking. A study published in September 2022 suggested that a GLP-1 drug called exenatide significantly reduced alcohol consumption in individuals with both obesity and alcohol use disorder. Another ongoing trial is exploring whether escalating doses of semaglutide can lead to reduced drinking and smoking in individuals with alcohol use disorder who also smoke.
While these preliminary findings are promising, further research and large clinical trials are necessary for FDA approval beyond diabetes and obesity, which may take several more years. Dr. Apovian anticipates a surge in demand for these drugs as more benefits come to light, emphasizing the need to eliminate the stigma surrounding addictions and compulsions, viewing them as brain-based disorders rather than moral failings.
Dr. Apovian suggests taking into account the following for those who are interested in using GLP-1 medications to treat addiction or compulsive behavior:
1. Pursue it: If you're dealing with obesity and other compulsions, exploring GLP-1 medications could offer a potential solution. These medications might provide benefits beyond weight loss.
2. Watch for cheaper options: While newer GLP-1 drugs like Wegovy can be expensive and in short supply, first-generation alternatives like dulaglutide (Trulicity) and liraglutide (Saxenda), approved for diabetes or obesity, may become available as generics, making them more accessible and affordable.
In conclusion, the success of GLP-1 drugs in addressing a range of cravings could challenge the perception of addictions and compulsions as willpower issues, emphasizing their roots in brain-based disorders. Dr. Apovian encourages exploring these medications for their potential multifaceted benefits while also being patient and considering more affordable alternatives in the evolving landscape of anti-obesity treatments.
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Dealing with the recurring discomfort of indigestion can be a bit perplexing, but fret not, as there are ways to handle those flare-ups without solely relying on medication.
Diving into the larger picture, it's essential to recognize that sluggish digestion is just one piece of the puzzle. Older adults, in particular, might find themselves grappling with conditions that can trigger regular indigestion, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and food sensitivities such as lactose intolerance. Chronic indigestion is also often linked with digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia, both of which entail persistent symptoms without a specific cause.
Fortunately, indigestion usually fades away on its own over time. Over-the-counter aids like antacid pills, liquids, or stomach-soothing medicines such as bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) can offer relief. Acid blockers like proton-pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole or lansoprazole) or H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine) are also potential options for managing heartburn.
Navigating the culinary landscape can also play a role in taming indigestion. Here's how you can make a difference:
- What: Pay attention to what you eat and drink when indigestion strikes, and consider cutting back on or avoiding problematic items like spicy and highly acidic foods, coffee, citrus- or tomato-based beverages, and processed or fatty foods.
- How: Opt for smaller servings and eat at a more leisurely pace. Avoid multitasking while eating, as it hinders mindful consumption. Experiment with more frequent, smaller meals throughout the day.
- When: If indigestion tends to haunt your evenings or disturb your sleep, consider having dinner earlier and refraining from eating within two hours of bedtime to prevent overloading your stomach when digestion slows down.
While drugstore remedies can be helpful, they come with some caveats. Magnesium-containing antacids might lead to loose stools, while calcium carbonate (Tums) or aluminum-based antacids could result in constipation. Occasional use is generally fine, but if reliance on these medications surpasses three times per week, it's advisable to consult with your doctor, as it might indicate an underlying digestive issue.
Keep an eye out for red flags like rectal bleeding, black stools, difficulty swallowing, or sudden weight loss, as these could signal more serious problems like inflammation in the digestive tract, ulcers, or gastrointestinal cancers.
If recurrent indigestion is your woe, there's much you can do to alleviate its frequency and intensity without resorting to medication. Consider these lifestyle adjustments:
- Reduce stress: Stress can exacerbate digestive issues through the brain-gut axis. Activities like exercise and meditation can aid in stress management, and in more challenging cases, your doctor might suggest a low-dose antidepressant.
- Address smoking and drinking: Smoking elevates the risk of reflux and digestive cancers, while excessive drinking amplifies the chances of various gastrointestinal diseases. Even occasional drinking can trigger underlying digestive problems.
- Lose excess weight: Overweight individuals, especially those dealing with acid reflux, are more susceptible to indigestion due to increased abdominal pressure. Shedding even a modest amount of weight can have a significant impact on digestion.
So, don't let indigestion ruffle your feathers; tackle it with a multifaceted approach that includes mindful eating, lifestyle adjustments, and, if needed, a chat with your healthcare provider
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When Jimmy Carter decided to embrace hospice care at his Georgia ranch earlier this year, it wasn't a resignation; it was a conscious choice to prioritize comfort and relish the joys of everyday moments. This decision, far from being perceived as "giving up," underscored a profound shift in understanding the purpose of hospice — a choice to savor life's richness during challenging times. Yet, many are still unaware of this transformative insight into hospice and palliative care, which could significantly enhance their ability to shape their lives during serious illness, according to Harvard experts.
Choosing hospice doesn't mean you're giving up getting medical care; it's focusing on comfort with the medical care you do receive, explains Dr. Carine Davila, a palliative care physician at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. This sentiment is echoed by Sarah Byrne-Martelli, a board-certified chaplain and bereavement coordinator, who emphasizes the importance of helping individuals envision the end of life as a time spent at home with loved ones, enjoying favorite shows and meals, rather than being confined to a hospital bed.
Understanding the nuances between palliative care and hospice is crucial. Palliative care extends support beyond end-of-life considerations, offering relief for those seriously ill at any stage. It acts as an extra layer of support for patients, families, and the healthcare teams involved. Conversely, hospice care is specifically tailored to enhance the comfort of individuals with serious illnesses, often extended to those with a prognosis of six months or less. However, many people, like President Carter, choose hospice even when the end of life may be further away.
Dealing with mental health is something we all face, and it's essential to talk openly about it. Even though the pandemic brought more awareness, there are still myths and stereotypes around mental health that we need to challenge.
Did you know that over 58 million American adults, which is more than one in five, live with mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder? Surprisingly, more women than men seek treatment for these challenges.
However, there's a lingering stigma around mental health, making it difficult for those dealing with these issues. Dr. Arthur Barsky from Brigham and Women's Hospital explains that this stigma can affect people's morale and recovery. Feeling labeled and isolated can worsen depression or anxiety, leading to problems like substance abuse or social withdrawal.
The good news is that science is helping break down these old beliefs. Advances like brain imaging show that certain mental disorders cause structural changes in the brain, reducing the stigma around mental health.
For those dealing with mental health challenges, here are some strategies to overcome stigma:
1. Embrace Treatment: Don't let labels stop you from seeking the help you need, whether it's therapy, medication, or both. There are effective treatments available.
2. Separate Yourself from Your Illness: Remember that your condition doesn't define you. Instead of saying "I'm bipolar," say "I have bipolar disorder."
3. Don't Take Comments Personally: People might say the wrong things, but it often says more about them than you. Consider their perspective rather than internalizing their words.
4. Share Your Story: If comfortable, share your experiences to correct misinformation and help others understand better. It might be challenging, but it can be incredibly beneficial.
Additionally, if you're considering therapy, here are some tips to get the most out of it:
1. Choose Your Therapist Wisely: Look for someone who specializes in your specific problem and with whom you feel comfortable.
2. Treat Therapy as Teamwork: It's a collaboration where you lead initially, but over time, your therapist provides guidance.
3. Be Vulnerable: Open up about your experiences and feelings, even if it's uncomfortable.
4. Take Prescribed Medications: If your therapist recommends medication, take it as prescribed. Ask about side effects and work with your clinician to make the best choice.
5. Define Success: Set goals with your therapist to create a framework for progress, understanding that therapy is a process, not a quick fix.
6. Be Patient: Effective therapy takes time, and it's okay if progress is gradual. Be patient with yourself throughout the journey.
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Did you know that over 58 million American adults, which is more than one in five, live with mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder? Surprisingly, more women than men seek treatment for these challenges.
However, there's a lingering stigma around mental health, making it difficult for those dealing with these issues. Dr. Arthur Barsky from Brigham and Women's Hospital explains that this stigma can affect people's morale and recovery. Feeling labeled and isolated can worsen depression or anxiety, leading to problems like substance abuse or social withdrawal.
The good news is that science is helping break down these old beliefs. Advances like brain imaging show that certain mental disorders cause structural changes in the brain, reducing the stigma around mental health.
For those dealing with mental health challenges, here are some strategies to overcome stigma:
1. Embrace Treatment: Don't let labels stop you from seeking the help you need, whether it's therapy, medication, or both. There are effective treatments available.
2. Separate Yourself from Your Illness: Remember that your condition doesn't define you. Instead of saying "I'm bipolar," say "I have bipolar disorder."
3. Don't Take Comments Personally: People might say the wrong things, but it often says more about them than you. Consider their perspective rather than internalizing their words.
4. Share Your Story: If comfortable, share your experiences to correct misinformation and help others understand better. It might be challenging, but it can be incredibly beneficial.
Additionally, if you're considering therapy, here are some tips to get the most out of it:
1. Choose Your Therapist Wisely: Look for someone who specializes in your specific problem and with whom you feel comfortable.
2. Treat Therapy as Teamwork: It's a collaboration where you lead initially, but over time, your therapist provides guidance.
3. Be Vulnerable: Open up about your experiences and feelings, even if it's uncomfortable.
4. Take Prescribed Medications: If your therapist recommends medication, take it as prescribed. Ask about side effects and work with your clinician to make the best choice.
5. Define Success: Set goals with your therapist to create a framework for progress, understanding that therapy is a process, not a quick fix.
6. Be Patient: Effective therapy takes time, and it's okay if progress is gradual. Be patient with yourself throughout the journey.
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First, when we mention "one drink," we're referring to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of hard liquor per day, distributed across the week, not binging on seven drinks in one night.
While recent studies might suggest otherwise, we align with the long-standing advice in the Harvard Health Letter, which is grounded in extensive research from distinguished nutrition scientists at Harvard and beyond. However, it's crucial to emphasize the term "generally" in your query. Nutritional practices, including alcohol consumption, may be beneficial for most but not all individuals, considering the diversity in age, gender, genes, and lifestyles.
Your genetic makeup and gender play pivotal roles in determining susceptibility to alcohol addiction, metabolic efficiency, and the impact on various organs. Moderate alcohol intake can positively alter body chemistry, lowering the risk of heart attacks and strokes. On the flip side, excessive consumption can harm organs like the heart, brain, and liver, and it poses severe risks to a developing fetus in pregnant women. Additionally, alcohol addiction significantly contributes to traffic accidents and violent crime. The recent study you referred to, heavily influenced by death rates in developing nations, underlines the global variations in alcohol-related health issues, particularly evident in higher tuberculosis-related deaths.
Analyzing the impact of alcohol on different diseases reveals a complex landscape. Over 100 studies indicate that women consuming one drink a day experience a lowered risk of heart attacks and the most common strokes compared to non-drinkers. However, these studies also highlight an increased risk of breast cancer associated with even a modest daily drink. It's crucial to weigh this trade-off, considering that heart attacks are a predominant cause of death in women, surpassing breast cancer by tenfold.
In conclusion, women who are pregnant or have a personal or family history of breast cancer, liver disease, or alcohol abuse should generally abstain from alcohol. For others, moderate consumption of one drink a day is generally considered healthy, acknowledging the intricate balance between potential benefits and risks.
We've all heard that loneliness and isolation can impact our health, but which one is worse? A recent Harvard study delved into this question, looking at nearly 14,000 people aged 50 or older over four years. The findings showed that both loneliness and isolation are linked to health problems, but each has its own impact.
Social isolation, which means living alone or not spending time with family and friends, was found to be a stronger predictor of physical decline and early death. On the other hand, loneliness was more connected to mental health issues like depression or feeling that life lacks meaning.
The study highlighted that both loneliness and isolation are significant and can feed into each other. The key takeaway is that staying connected to others is crucial in combating these feelings. If you ever feel lonely, whether or not it's because you're physically isolated, talking to your doctor might be a good idea. Remember, reaching out to others can make a big difference in how we feel.
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Great news! The FDA recently gave the green light to the first-ever pill designed to help moms struggling with postpartum depression. This condition affects around one in seven new mothers, making it tough for them to connect with their babies in the months following childbirth.
The new drug, called zuranolone (Zurzuvae), works quickly and was officially approved on August 4, 2023. What's even better? It's a short two-week course. Until now, the only other approved medication for postpartum depression was brexanolone (Zulresso), but it needed to be given through a hospital-based IV.
Postpartum depression shares symptoms with other types of depression, such as deep sadness, feeling tired all the time, losing interest in regular activities, and struggling with thinking and memory. In severe cases, women might even have thoughts of hurting themselves or their baby.
The introduction of this pill is not just a medical breakthrough; it's also expected to lessen the stigma around postpartum depression. By offering a more accessible treatment option, it aims to encourage more women to seek the help they need. This is a positive step forward for the well-being of new moms everywhere!
The new drug, called zuranolone (Zurzuvae), works quickly and was officially approved on August 4, 2023. What's even better? It's a short two-week course. Until now, the only other approved medication for postpartum depression was brexanolone (Zulresso), but it needed to be given through a hospital-based IV.
Postpartum depression shares symptoms with other types of depression, such as deep sadness, feeling tired all the time, losing interest in regular activities, and struggling with thinking and memory. In severe cases, women might even have thoughts of hurting themselves or their baby.
The introduction of this pill is not just a medical breakthrough; it's also expected to lessen the stigma around postpartum depression. By offering a more accessible treatment option, it aims to encourage more women to seek the help they need. This is a positive step forward for the well-being of new moms everywhere!
The Study is still being monitored.
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Getting a breast cancer diagnosis can be scary, but things have changed a lot in how we treat it. Unlike the old days when everyone got the same treatment, now it's like having a personalized toolkit to fight the disease.
Survival rates have gone up, with only 5% of women at an average risk of dying within five years after a breast cancer diagnosis, down from 14% in the 1990s. Dr. Harold Burstein from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute explains, We may not always know why someone gets breast cancer, but the good news is that outcomes are improving.
Instead of using a one-size-fits-all approach, scientists can now categorize breast tumors based on cell type. This allows for tailor-made combinations of treatments. Surgery is still common, but chemotherapy might be smaller or skipped. New drugs like immunotherapy and targeted therapies are giving doctors more options.
Breast cancer comes in different types, like ER-positive or HER2-positive. Knowing this helps doctors choose the best treatments. Thanks to research in the last decade, tests can now identify gene mutations, predict tumor growth, and help customize treatments.
For ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, the use of chemotherapy has become more selective. Powerful tools allow doctors to decide if a patient really needs it. Medications like CDK4/6 inhibitors are also used for high-risk cases.
HER2-positive breast cancer, a more aggressive type, has seen progress with targeted therapies like Herceptin. A new approach pairs chemotherapy with proteins for better results with fewer side effects.
Triple-negative breast cancer, a fast-growing type, is challenging, but new drugs and immunotherapy are showing promise. Even more promising is the future use of liquid biopsies, blood tests that can guide treatment based on circulating tumor DNA.
Dr. Burstein is optimistic about the coming years, mentioning new technologies like liquid biopsies. For metastatic breast cancer, which isn't curable yet, patients are living longer with new treatments improving their lives.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is rare but dangerous. Unlike other types, it doesn't always show a lump. Symptoms develop rapidly, and early signs are often mistaken for less serious issues. Dr. Filipa Lynce advises not to ignore changes in the breast, even without a lump. If symptoms persist, seeking medical attention is crucial.
Finally, for women diagnosed with breast cancer, a multidisciplinary care team is essential. Collaboration among specialists and communication with your healthcare team are key to better outcomes. Don't hesitate to ask questions and be an active part of your treatment plan.
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Seasonal affective disorder can be treated and managed with the use of light therapy and medicines.
The winter season brings chilly days and cozy vibes, but for some, it also ushers in a condition known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD is a form of depression that kicks in during late fall and winter, easing off with the arrival of spring. While the exact cause remains a mystery, researchers believe a lack of sunlight plays a pivotal role.
Dr. Richard Schwartz, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital, emphasizes the significance of recognizing SAD as a serious condition. He notes, "People should not ignore the signs of SAD and should seek treatment if they appear, as left alone, SAD can escalate to serious health issues."
Sunlight and Your Mood
Sunlight exposure has a profound impact on our brains. It stimulates the hypothalamus, a brain region housing our internal sleep-wake clock. Insufficient light disrupts this clock, leading to an overproduction of the sleep hormone melatonin and a decrease in serotonin, the feel-good brain chemical. This chemical imbalance can result in feelings of low energy, lethargy, and depression.
SAD comes with other telltale signs, including diminished sexual desire, an inclination to overeat (especially comfort foods), and sleep disturbances. It also correlates with cognitive challenges like difficulties in concentration and memory. Dr. Schwartz adds, "As you become more lethargic from SAD, you are also less likely to exercise or socialize."
Several factors heighten the risk of SAD, such as a family history of SAD or depression and geographic location. People residing in northern states, where daylight diminishes significantly in fall and winter, are more prone to SAD than those in the south.
Childbirth, a timeless and sometimes unpredictable journey, has been an integral part of human experience. In the United States, where rates of avoidable complications and maternal deaths are surprisingly high, the demand for doulas is on the rise. Natalia Richey, interim chief midwife at Massachusetts General Hospital, notes an increasing interest in additional care during pregnancy and birth.
But what does a birth doula do? Unlike midwives or doctors, professional doulas offer emotional and physical support to women throughout pregnancy and the birthing process.
Here's a glimpse into doula care if you're considering it.
Doulas vs. Midwives
While midwives and doulas share some responsibilities, a crucial distinction exists: midwives provide medical care, whereas doulas focus on emotional and physical support. Midwives, like certified nurse-midwives, are trained nurses responsible for maintaining the physical health of both mother and baby during childbirth. On the other hand, doulas don't perform medical tasks; they specialize in helping laboring women stay comfortable and calm, employing various techniques like suggesting comfort measures and optimal positions.
Doula Training and Licensing
It's important to note that doula training lacks standardized rules. Certification from over 100 independent organizations is common, although no formal licensing is required. While private insurers often don't cover doula care, some employers, like Walmart, assist in covering costs. As of February 2023, ten states and the District of Columbia offer Medicaid coverage for doula services.
Impact on Birth Outcomes
A 2023 analysis spanning 22 years and 16 studies found that doula support correlated with improved birth outcomes, including fewer C-sections, premature deliveries, and shorter labor. Emotional support from doulas was associated with reduced anxiety and stress in mothers, with notable improvements in breastfeeding success, especially among low-income women.
Collaboration with Doulas
Agreements regarding care may vary, but typically, doulas meet with expectant individuals throughout pregnancy to discuss birth goals and build rapport. Doulas, akin to obstetricians, are available 24/7 to support clients during labor. This constant support, especially for those with limited resources, can be invaluable.
Doula and OB/GYN Collaboration
Collaboration between doulas and OB/GYN teams is generally seamless. Whether a hospital arranges for a doula or if hired privately, coordination ensures everyone sticks to their roles. Doulas suggest nonpharmacological ways to ease pain, respecting boundaries when medical intervention is necessary.
Questions to Ask When Considering a Doula
Interested in working with a doula? Natalia Richey suggests asking yourself questions like:
- What are my hopes and goals for the childbirth process?
- How do I envision my support team during delivery?
- Do I have friends or family members who have used doulas, and what were their impressions?
When contacting a doula, inquire about their training, the number of births attended, how they can assist during pregnancy and labor, and their approach to collaboration with your partner, spouse, and the medical team.
Take the time to meet with any doula you're considering and make sure they're a good fit, advises Richey. "Because this is someone who will be there during one of the most vulnerable times of your life. Having someone there who doesn't make you feel safe and comfortable can affect birth in a major way.
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Oh, and if you've been rocking nail polish for ages without a break, your nails might rebel with some dry, white spots. It's like they're saying, "Hey, let us breathe!" There's also a chance a sneaky fungal infection is behind the scenes, leaving a white film on your nails. Sometimes, more serious stuff like low iron, kidney issues, or liver scarring can play a part in turning your nails half or mostly white.
If you're scratching your head because none of these seem to fit, it's cool to chat with your doctor about it. Waiting for the spots to vanish on their own might take a while – like six months or more – because, you know, nails take their sweet time to grow out.
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Prevention of Diabetes and Four Ways to Lower Your Risk
Diabetes is a disease that affects more than 30 million people in the United States. Diabetes, if left unchecked, can result in serious complications such as blindness, renal failure, and heart disease, among others. You cannot change some risk factors, such as your age or genetics, or you cannot modify your past activities; but, there are some steps you can take now to minimize your chances of developing diabetes.
1. Adopt a healthy diet
The diet of a person can have a substantial impact on his or her efforts to prevent diabetes. When consumed in large quantities, sugary, refined carbohydrates are broken down by the body quickly and absorbed into the bloodstream, causing spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels to occur. Over time, elevated blood glucose levels can raise your chance of developing diabetes. You can lower your risk by substituting simple carbohydrates and entire grains, such as brown rice, sweet potatoes, and whole wheat bread, for simple carbohydrates and whole grains. More complex carbs take longer for your body to break down, resulting in a slow, consistent rise in blood sugar levels over time.
To help avoid diabetes, you can also boost your fiber consumption, which is a straightforward method. The addition of fiber to a diet is not only excellent for gut health and weight loss, but it also helps to maintain healthy blood sugar and insulin levels in the body. Fiber reduces the rate at which meals and sweets are absorbed, hence reducing the likelihood of insulin spikes. Bananas, apples, dark vegetables, legumes, and whole grains are examples of fiber-dense foods to consume.
Excessive food consumption can also result in elevated blood sugar levels and insulin production. The use of the ADA Plate Method is one method of dealing with this prevalent problem. In this strategy, non-starchy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, carrots, and so on) should take up half of your plate, grains and starches should take up one-fourth of your plate, and protein should take up the remaining one-fourth of your plate. To round out your meal, include a serving of fruit and dairy products, as well as a low-calorie beverage.
A healthy lifestyle necessitates the use of large amounts of water. Sugars, preservatives, and artificial additives are common constituents in many beverages. Despite the fact that some fruit and vegetable juices appear to be healthful, they can be extremely heavy in sugar. To avoid those sneaky sugars, stick to water, unsweetened teas, and coffee instead of other beverages.
2. Participation in physical activity
Exercise enhances insulin sensitivity levels, which aids in the regulation of blood glucose levels after a meal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week to reduce their risk of developing diabetes. Despite the fact that these statistics are intimidating, they may be broken down into 30 minutes per day, five days per week. The importance of consulting with your doctor before commencing any workout program cannot be overstated. Start small and gradually increase your physical exercise — even a simple walk to the mailbox every day can make a difference.
3. Maintaining a healthy weight
Excess weight, particularly around the waist, causes inflammation and insulin resistance, raising the risk of developing diabetes. You can reduce your chance of developing diabetes by as much as 16 percent for every kilogram (2.2 pounds) you lose. However, rather than following fad diets, it is critical to creating realistic goals that you can keep over the long run. When you concentrate on nutrition and physical exercise, as previously described, you should be able to better regulate your weight.
4. Cessation of Smoking
Cigarette smoking is linked to a variety of serious health issues, including diabetes. Cigarette smoking increases the likelihood of developing cancer by up to 44 percent. However, there is good news: it is never too late to stop smoking! After five years of abstinence, your chance of developing lung cancer can fall by up to 13% and continue to decrease over time. After twenty years, you will feel as if you have never smoked!
Along with getting appropriate sleep, managing stress, and contacting your doctor on a regular basis, doing these activities to live a healthier lifestyle will aid in diabetes prevention and minimize your risk of acquiring Type 2 Diabetes. For more health-related information, make sure you subscribe to our blog.
Finding relief for the discomfort of atopic dermatitis, a common form of eczema, can be a daily challenge. This skin condition, characterized by inflammation and itching, can disrupt sleep, social activities, and various aspects of daily life.
If simple remedies like gentle cleansing and regular moisturizing don't offer relief, your healthcare provider might suggest a prescription cream for your skin. A recent study has narrowed down the most effective options for managing atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis is a persistent inflammatory skin disease that often affects areas like the face, hands, feet, or skin folds behind the elbows or knees. The exact cause is uncertain, with factors like genetics, the environment, and an overactive immune system contributing to inflammation and persistent itching. The notorious itch-scratch cycle worsens the rash, causing tearing, oozing, and crusting, which can be painful.
The study, evaluating over 200 trials involving more than 43,000 people with atopic dermatitis, sheds light on the effectiveness of various prescription creams and ointments. These treatments fall into five categories, including topical corticosteroids, Janus kinase inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and other topicals like antibiotics and prescription moisturizers.
The research aimed to identify medications that significantly improved patients' quality of life, reduced severity, itch, sleep disturbances, or flare-ups, caused fewer serious side effects, and were discontinued the least due to adverse effects.
The standout winners in the study were two calcineurin inhibitors, namely pimecrolimus (Elidel) and tacrolimus (Protopic), along with moderate-potency topical corticosteroids like fluocinolone acetonide (Synalar cream 0.025%) and triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog cream/ointment 0.1%).
The study, evaluating over 200 trials involving more than 43,000 people with atopic dermatitis, sheds light on the effectiveness of various prescription creams and ointments. These treatments fall into five categories, including topical corticosteroids, Janus kinase inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and other topicals like antibiotics and prescription moisturizers.
The research aimed to identify medications that significantly improved patients' quality of life, reduced severity, itch, sleep disturbances, or flare-ups, caused fewer serious side effects, and were discontinued the least due to adverse effects.
The standout winners in the study were two calcineurin inhibitors, namely pimecrolimus (Elidel) and tacrolimus (Protopic), along with moderate-potency topical corticosteroids like fluocinolone acetonide (Synalar cream 0.025%) and triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog cream/ointment 0.1%).
Pimecrolimus excelled in six of seven outcomes, proving effective at reducing sleep disturbances and eczema flares. High-dose tacrolimus (0.1%) demonstrated improvement in five outcomes, particularly reducing itch and flare-ups. Moderate-potency steroids, a larger group, were effective in four to six of the seven outcomes, excelling at alleviating eczema itch, flares, and serious side effects.
The study also revealed a surprising finding: using a topical cream twice daily wasn't significantly more effective than using it once daily. While the traditional advice is twice daily, once a day could be more convenient without compromising effectiveness.
On the flip side, the study identified topical antibiotics as among the less effective treatments for eczema.
While the study involved a substantial number of participants, individual responses may vary. Factors like age, affected skin areas, eczema severity, and potential side effects should be considered when determining a treatment plan.
The bottom line? If your current treatment works well without serious side effects, stick with it. However, if your regimen isn't delivering the desired results, consult your healthcare provider or dermatologist to explore alternative prescription creams or ointments.
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Plantar fasciitis is a pretty common and sometimes painful foot problem that many people around the world deal with. It usually hits folks who are on the move, between the ages of 25 and 65. This condition kicks in when the plantar fascia, a band of tissue under your foot that helps keep the arch in shape, gets worked too hard or stretched too much. Over time, this can lead to inflammation and, you guessed it, pain.
Now, spotting plantar fasciitis can be a slow build-up or hit you out of the blue, especially after pushing yourself physically. Being aware of the signs is key for early action and managing it properly.
The classic signs of plantar fasciitis include:
- Feeling pain on the bottom of your foot, near the heel. It could be a constant ache or a sharp stab.
- Waking up to some serious heel or foot discomfort in the morning or after a good rest. Luckily, it tends to ease up after a bit of walking around.
- Noticing that the pain tends to get worse after physical activity but isn't really bothering you during the exercise itself. Climbing stairs can be a real pain.
- Feeling tenderness when you touch the area, especially close to the heel.
- Dealing with foot stiffness, especially when you first get out of bed or after sitting for a while. This stiffness can make walking a bit tricky.
So, why does this happen? Plantar fasciitis is like a protest from your foot's tissue, shouting "enough!" when it gets overworked or strained. It can be triggered by constant stress from activities like standing or running, and sometimes even significant weight gain, like during pregnancy.
Certain things can make you more likely to go through this foot ordeal:
- Having foot arch issues, whether they're too flat or too high.
- Doing long-distance or downhill running on uneven surfaces.
- Carrying some extra weight.
- Having a tight Achilles tendon.
- Wearing shoes without enough arch support or with too-soft soles.
- Suddenly changing how active you are.
If you suspect you're dealing with plantar fasciitis or are stuck with persistent foot pain, it's a good idea to see your doctor for the full scoop and a plan to tackle it. They'll check your foot for signs like tenderness, high or flat arches, and limited ankle flexibility.
Now, the good news is that most people get better within nine to twelve months with non-surgical treatments. Here's the usual game plan:
- Rest: Taking a break from activities that make your foot mad is step one. You might want to switch to lower-impact exercises like cycling or swimming during this rest period.
- Ice: Putting ice on the sore area can help dial down inflammation and ease the pain. Rolling your foot over a cold water bottle or using an ice pack for 15 to 20 minutes, especially after activities that trigger pain, can do the trick.
- Stretching: Tight muscles in your feet and calves can make plantar fasciitis worse. Doing specific stretches can help loosen these muscles, giving your plantar fascia a break.
- Night splints: These are like super-stretchy socks or braces you wear while sleeping. They help keep your plantar fascia from tightening up overnight, which can reduce morning pain and stiffness.
- Supportive shoes: Wearing shoes with good arch support and cushioning is a must. If your pain sticks around, your doctor might suggest custom-made shoe inserts.
- Physical therapy: Working with a physical therapist on an exercise program that focuses on stretching your calf muscles and plantar fascia can be super helpful. They might throw in some ice treatments or massages to help with inflammation.
- Medication: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs, like ibuprofen, can help with pain and swelling. But, it's best to use them under your healthcare provider's guidance and for a limited time to avoid potential side effects.
If things don't improve with the above tricks, your doctor might recommend more intense measures like a walking boot, corticosteroid injections (in severe cases), shockwave therapy, Botox injections, dry needling, laser therapy, or surgery (which is pretty rare).
Now, when it comes to shoes, picking the right pair is a big deal. Here are some key things to look for:
- Arch support: shoes should give your arches some love to distribute pressure evenly.
- Cushioning: Good padding in the heel and forefoot can absorb shock and ease the impact on your plantar fascia.
- Heel support: Look for shoes with a solid heel counter to handle the tension on your fascia when your heel hits the ground. You can also try silicone heel pads for an extra cushion.
- Shock absorption: Find shoes with good shock-absorbing properties, especially in the heel area. Cushioned soles or gel inserts can help.
Consider chatting with a foot expert (podiatrist or orthopedic specialist) for personalized advice on footwear. They might even recommend custom-made arch supports called orthotics to spread the pressure on your feet more evenly.
Doing specific stretches for your plantar fascia can also be a game-changer. Research shows that focused stretching can help reduce heel pain, improving things by about 52% after eight weeks.
Here are a couple of stretches you can try three times a day:
- Calf stretch: Stand against a wall with one knee straight and the heel on the ground. Put your other leg forward, bent at the knee, and push your hips toward the wall. Hold for 15 to 30 seconds and do this for both legs.
- Plantar fascia stretch: Sit in a chair with one foot on the floor. Lift your other leg and rest the ankle on your knee in a figure-four position. Grab your raised foot's toes with your hand and gently pull them back until you feel a stretch on the sole of your foot. Hold for 10 seconds and repeat 10 times for each foot.
Remember, everyone's foot journey is a bit different, so don't hesitate to reach out to a healthcare pro for personalized advice and care!
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